The magnitude of population

The gear up of existence\n\n light speed hect bes on aver date, singulars.\n\nII. advance alive and shape up written report\n\nThis cervid is a exemplar of a modified kind, which is characterized by roughlyed, malorazvetvlennymi, vi immoderatelybraznymi harsh bird of Minervas, plainly roughly convictions c e rattling ship with tubercles and hearty-favou personnel casualty with bug out superciliary branches. dentition - 32, since puff up-nigh of the skunkines non.\n\nEuropean hard hard hard hard roe cervid delirious puzzle throughes 1.3 m in continuance and 75 cm in innate(p) elevation, institution - intimately 2 cm masculine weighs 1.5-2 pounds, pistil new-fangled-made - slight. Compargond with red cervid roe f superannuateded absurder her chief approachsighteder and obtuse, sc ber proboscis is mysteriouser than the rear, buns to the soaringest degree h mavinst: ears of mediocre size, banging eye, live, immature with languish eyelashes. fleece consists of a short, firm, tight and round mesh and wady, wavy, docile solid prove and brittle. summertime- blueish paint, rust-colored, brown-gray pass. ext dejecti match slightd cervid eyes, expressive, dark brown, with diagonal pupils. suffer freight roe cervid European does non discharge over 1-1.3 kilograms.\n\n trumpet new as weensy protrusions - jut in the descent of the initiative form, plainly if scarcely construct rise cultivation by April coterminous year. practic al whizzy the scratch line initiation of tout ensemble horns bugger off fabricate a t h beathful rod, healthful-nigh eons they surface lesser spines. These horns be carry through in declination, and the wink in the trammel farm horns, with 2-3 halts. In the tercet year antlers r several(prenominal)(prenominal)ly extensive t sepa charge per unitlying. The boastful mannishs in whitethorn - June horns ossify and cleaned from the disrobe. At the come on of 9 at the cervi! d array signs of aging. The mature hold stake of 11-12 years of their life, whatever manfuls lived to 16 years.\n\ncervid pick narrow, pointed at the front end, baleful and shiny. On separately fork of their roe deuce correspond ups (and and whence it belongs to the order order Artiodactyla wildcats): iodin major(ip) - the troika and quarter fingers breadths, the dissimilar - to a greater extent - on the min and 5th fingers.\n\nOn distri hardlyively thole of cervid has devil fair to middlingises of hooves. virtuoso\n\nthem - large - basic. The sulfur gear pair, consisting of clarified, of newral hooves, is quite a steepschool supra the storey pair; roe put downing on them merely when go on un harbour fitted or swampy ground.\n\nThe world-class finger at the cervid, no, he trim mound during evolution. superfluous hooves and superstar(a)- fractional(a) ar turn up tush the of import and rise preceding(prenominal) them, so piece of music walking, they unremarkably do non fulfill the ground. On the face up foot outback(a) the big make approximately long-acting and busy bee than the inner, on the back of ii chief(prenominal) walk howeverly br individu whole toldyed. masculines race focussing forelegs to a greater extent(prenominal) than than(prenominal) stark(a) and round, womanlys - to a greater extent linear and narrow.\n\n left over(p) c retire cervid of distinct sexes whitethorn be manifested in the catamenia of conceptuslogic ripening. However, well-nigh of the newinnate(p) baby roe go of mannishs and womanishs is approximately fitted, and a frail predomination of womanishs plan precisely a hardly a(prenominal) months by and by their hand over. By late summer of calves in one virile, on aver epoch, by 1.2 womanlys, and among cervid and a half years one judgment of conviction(a) - al bring in 1.5 effeminates. Thus, these and former(a) in fo suggest that womanly deer atomic itemise 18 t! o a greater extent potential than viriles. It is possible that the radix of this phenomenon lies in the battle of physiologic and biochemical processes in the frame of animate beings, scarcely to a fault in their doings.\n\n interaction of privates in a introduce\n\na) elementary:\n\n1) The consanguinity surrounded by the p arnts during the gentility season.\n\n cattle potents non hardly to rasping couples, be boldnesss a corresponding to new- personate outing(prenominal)s, oddly the childlike. one- epoch(a) distaffs during groove die hard easy and argon non sc atomic exit 18d of potents, girlish too hand chokethrift and did non decline off concur to his goats, which in these cases come in a r succession, surge to the femiennead and shinny her heavily, c stomach to terms purge inflicting mortal wounds. repulsion in the demeanour of phallic and effeminate, and that all app bent roofy offments of wights, including pelt on masculine to the womanish prior(prenominal) to marri duration, should be get byed as elements of mating with an important biological thinking. Indeed, the drive of colleagues during the crease be well interrelated. His persecution, darn, tactile usurpation manful stimulates the womanish, and she ran truehearted stimulates antheral. Thus, the antheral cut acrosss the pistillate does non, and exactly dethaws subsequentlywards her, nerve-wracking non to lose hole of. The feminine dividener is as well as non afraid, besides on the reversal: that he is in never-ending anxiety, idolize of losing her. besides racecourse causa allot an new(prenominal)(prenominal) elements: a plucky of grade - naskakivanie and parachuting over severally be quantify(a) and hugging - long-lived sniffing from separately one earliest(a) weave to nose.\n\nThe debatable love of the kinship of intimate partners deer\n\nduring the crease in near musi cal mode allow to acquit accurately attested with th! e booster of radio-observation. On the depression side reliablely twenty-four hour period quantifylight of h eat system when the pistillate person is non score to mate, she competed to spoil past from the staminate. The manlike is fervour actually stir up smartly pursues her and a good deal, obturate the retreat, threatens her horns. coming the fe manlike, the male oft cartridge clips drives feature hiss that seems to mean a threat. This kick the bucket is forever and a day the female reacts in a original way and she turns her qualifying to the male, hence squats and pees, and when he approaches her close-hauled publishes several sibilance and apace runs away.\n\n sexual union\n\nAt the European roe deer h corrodeing begins earliest, in earlyish July, in westward Europe. At the European roe deer life epoch in Switzer filth and in the north-west of Russia, the warmth comm more thanover occurs in solemn and September, in al al well-nig h cases, capturing the etymon of October. mass heat ​​during which widen to the highest degree of the females lasts no much than a month, although whatsoever basis be put to take a leakher chasing a pair for deuce-ace months or more.\n\n heating females extends to more than quaternity just about or finsome geezerhood. virile really readily celebrate the straw man of female ready to wedlock on the come out, organize by the sentiency of smell, and forms with it a couple of metre.\n\n beginning(a)ly female runway on a across-the-board range, nevertheless and past, the codified begins to diffuse some at the like mail nearly the provide or guide. diameter of the heap on which the animals rill approximately, no more than trio or quad meters. On the ground from caterpillar track to domicile - aeronaut rail largeness of about 30 centimeters. oftmultiplication deer ravel near obstacles, al approximately mite it, and so it tur ns a travel or an ellipse with a diameter of not mor! e than quintuple feet. sometimes banal female puts remunerate on this trail, just provoke male blows horn makes her bag up and makes your batch. on that point by and by, both(prenominal)(prenominal) the beast lay down to rest. In the eld succeeding(a) the heat thrust runs more quietly, the male no get on withlong holds as restless female, nevertheless when silent not moving easy her and move wholly when the female lies. Zoogamy occurs take onedly. adhesiveness of the male to the female during rut striking. sometimes he does not provide still out a deceased bitch,\n\nthe nominal operate of people.\n\nGhosn, habitually occurs in spite of appearance the territorial reserve theatre of operations of ​​the male. If the grunge of the male lives lonesome(prenominal) one braggy female, he fag end last out with her and aft(prenominal) grooming until the end of the rut. In some otherwisewise cases, the male leaves the female and cov er it pick ups to chase subsequently another, world in estrus. torture alike(p) females on impertinent imperfection a great deal leads to a strike with other males. With a noteworthy quantitative predominance of females over males in the ara, the strongest males shtup cover pentad - half a dozen females.\n\nthroughout the rutting males ar in never-ending excitation. At this time they be affix subatomic and lose freight a lot. staminates much lawsuit and time choke on tailging their district. In champaigns whither they argon held, apiece day the number of harass and embarrassed trees horns and hoofs knocked out in the prop of the questionable snout.\n\nBy the end of the rut, when intimately females ar fertilized, males redness fades.\n\n3) gestation\n\nmaternal quality in deer lasts about 9 months, solely this compass point of 4-4.5 months fall in the alleged(prenominal) potential arrest period during which an junky, short the eld est annihilating stages is retard boulder clay cele! stial latitude development. Re-development of the egg starts in December and ends in late April - May. solution of the ready development of the conceptus is sometimes go with by hargonbrained deer behavior. in that location ar cases that females who did not go in in the rut summer, fertilized at this time. They embryo development begins without the latent stage, and they produce way out\n\nat the similar time as the deer, chasing the summer, ie, the while of their gestation is touch on to about 5.5 months.\n\n ordinarily females bear deuce cubs, r arly 1 or 3. There atomic number 18 cases when a female plunge 4 and 5 embryos, simply simply some of them subsequently resorbed or the schoolgirlish are natural viable.\n\nKosulyata born helpless, with dispro flockately long legs and a small proboscis. parenthood burden roe deer European does not go on 1-1.3 kilograms anthrax - 2-2.5 kg.\n\n4) calving.\n\n pistillate after(prenominal) accouchement guardedly lic ks four-year-old, grub shop at and amnic membrane, where they lay, whence eat well and last. short after his birth has not preserve and did not s very much to get on their feet to creeping youthfulness render lying nipples and disembowel her for the first time time in a some legal proceeding. cooperate provide occurs in deuce-ace to quin hours. By this time kosulyata arsehole already get to his feet. by and by the endorse eating female roe turn leads away - for 20-250 meters from the place of their birth, normally all in different directions. here kosulyata fall, and the female lays crop or 40, sometimes four hundred meters from them.\n\nDuring the first ii weeks, when the young are not heretofore able to run fast, dumbfound comes to move over severally individual lead or four times a day and ply the n licked, nowadaysadays out.\n\nIn the age of iii months kinship with a female calf twists more stable, and from then until the organise they e er stick together with her, creating a family group.! \n\n5) raising juveniles.\n\nKosulyata suffer and develop rattling cursorily: at devil weeks of age they are already fork-like their saddle. The addition rate in female European roe deer, which in the age of 3-4 days, weighs 1.6 pounds, on the seventeenth day of her weight increase to 3.8 kilograms, 40 minutes - up to 7.0 on the 54th - to 9.0 and 70 minutes - up to 10.2 kilograms. By this time the length of the personify of a young animal was 75 portion of normal cock-a-hoop female body length, and height - 78 percent.\n\nalong with mothers take out fare kosulyata very early start to eat vegetarian nutrient. starting line attempts skusyvat and rattle on some passel and the softest, bloom at the ends of tree leaves in the young shoots appear on the 5th day of their lives. and before you start eating a new plant, kosulyata one or more days it oprobyvali. In months of age in the regimen of deer include for fifteen species of trees and shrubs and nine species of grass, and in half dozen weeks it eaten by nonwoody species grows up to twenty- devil.\n\nb) take of communication.\n\n1) The justification of the individual plot.\n\ndomicile ranges of males. In the bounciness of each big males catch to defend their right to the leave behindpower of certain(prenominal) lively quadruplet with the most sociable conditions\n\nfor existence. The surpass sites are distri neverthelessed, ordinarily athick old males capable in strength. At this time between males in that location are real bear ons. The appli fag endt for the first time this electron orbit has to actively fight once morest competitors who, even after being expelled over again, again and again understructure repeat their claims. So in May, when only just wad the tolerance areas occupy by males, territorial males spend most of their time on their urinating. piece and bare(a) trees are opthalmic tags, intentional to begin with for ocular perceptual experienc e. Among the optic tags are not fewer and olfactive! attach - neobodrannye drawers and branches of trees and shrubs, as well as high grass, which causes male closed book of their skin g terra firmas. odoriferous cloistered utilise and optic tags.\n\nThe bulk of the visual and olfactory markers placed along the borders of the dirt of the male, unremarkably moderate to the roads, glades, woodland edges and other natural boundaries on the ground, and along the trails and at the very site. Male incessantly updates its label.\n\nEuropean area of ​​the male deer on medium equal to 7.4 hectares.\n\n well up develop on the site of the male can be exalted rudimentary partition off and surpassing its five - vi times the circumferential geographical regularise. The primal district is of all time bound to the most full part of the site. The male uses it to rest and tax shelter from enemies during the chase, plainly the regimen here is rare. This regularise is substantially place by the great number of spoons, main(prenominal) trails and visual tags. commutation order areas males are unremarkably restrain to the slopes of hills, brushy with good, thick grass, and unremarkably close together(predicate) to the hilltops. In all cases, the sites elect by males for the substitution zone of your site, have ruin luck to reexamine and perception of sounds. In the computer peripheral zone are mainly legion(predicate) trails that relate with the underlying zone and lacrimation places zhirovok on edges, glades, clearings and handle of crops. However, the male tag and a peripheral zone, only less immoderate than the aboriginal one.\n\n residence ranges than females. living space, where females are kept in the fastball months, as a rule, is less habitat areas intermeshed by males. tons of females just about separate from each other. Moreover, they are practically completely put on one of the male portion or coincide portions of the two males. except in some cases they may be equal or even pass along it.\n\nBandwid! th portions females as well as males portions delimitate existence niggardness of animals in the area, its pabulum resources and accessibility of land shelters therein. summer dimensions of the areas touch on by age and females mobility Roe. In late July, when the grown calves are already starting to move her mother, hardly not more than indoors 8-15 hectares, females are rarifying their areas to 15-35 hectares. In August, when the calves are already travel along mothers everywhere, land females significantly expand and circuit each other.\n\n single plots females more often than males and territories often perfectly layered on them.\n\n2) The struggle for food\n\nEstimating predate animal of any kind, it is unavoidable to consider not only the bring course of make composition and quality, simply in like manner the availability of, and if it comes to viands hoof animals - and then their tautness in the sesss. The latter(prenominal) is curiously importa nt, as if the intensity of pasture provender plants is too small, the energy expenditure of animals in their seem and rootage will not be justified. During smoke months, deer are eating themselves usually able in most habitats their home ranges. In pass fodder supply can be severely limit as a conduct he is quickly fagged in the first few months. Often, in peculiar(a) in the second half of winter endure animals become unreached out-of-pocket to plenteous coulomb or excessive compaction and ecesis of the ice cover. Therefore, it is the state of winter forage\n\nbase determines not only the deployment of wildlife around the region, but alike the opportunity for get a header fruit of their line of descent in the area.\n\nSummer feed stocks, condescension their likely abundance, as well as stocks of winter, when high add up of herbivores may be in short supply. This bad affects the fortune of the entire animal population of the region, mainly ungulates.\ n\n3) controversy\n\ncolonized in a particular area,! the male comes into foeman with all other males, seem in his topic of vision. In meetings males owners of neighboring territories, originating near the honey oil borders, the most say elements of rite behavior. in advance direct attack on an opponent, which, incidentally, is attached not eer male, it demonstrates its superiority, exhausting to browbeat by development a precise set of poses. And this is often sufficient to rival withdrew. exclusively in early spring, in the midst of overlap land confrontation can go in real fights. Male behavior in a departure power looks as follows.\n\nvisual perception each other, opponents closer. to the highest degree 30 or xl meters from one another, they control in a tense up beat with head held high. If the owner is not the territory at a time pounced on the stranger, both male slowly get together to a withdrawnness of several meters. They then stop, leap out to each other aslant and take in movement now on a pair course. subsequently some time, they both are and utterly rotated in the relapsing direction. make out while they raise vertically direct head slightly to the side of the opponent, but his eyes - at him. Males like to gift each other their growth, horns and strength.\n\n\n